The CAST Intelligence Unit

Drawing on CAST’s 25-year proprietary data set, the unit publishes research to advance our software-based society.

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Intelligence Briefing

Global tech debt hits 61 billion workdays

Global tech debt hits 61 billion workdays

While it began as a concept, tech debt evolved in recent years into a measurable problem that companies track. What is new is a global tally of the issue.

With the first-ever release of this data –tapping CAST’s analysis of over 10 billion lines of code – our research finds that global tech debt levels have reached 61 billion days in repair time. Drawn from 17 countries that represent 51% of the world’s GDP, this stark figure is also a conservative one.

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LOC Analyzed

10 billion

Applications Examined

47,000

Age of code

1 - 44 years

From the Report

Workdays to repair 1,000 lines of code

United States

2.07

United States

Italy

1.99

Italy

France

1.98

France

India

1.84

India

Spain

1.82

Spain

Austria

1.77

Austria

Netherlands

1.72

Netherlands

Mexico

1.67

Mexico

UK

1.60

UK

Brazil

1.58

Brazil

Germany

1.58

Germany

Malaysia

1.55

Malaysia

Denmark

1.55

Denmark

Canada

1.55

Canada

Ecuador

1.55

Ecuador

Peru

1.55

Peru

Belgium

1.55

Belgium

Leaders to laggards

Measured by the time required to repair code – the most comparable metric across geographies – the most indebted country is the United States, followed by Italy and France.

Notably, emerging economies such as Malaysia, Ecuador, and Peru, have a much lighter tech debt burden. This opens the door for a potential development ‘leapfrog’ opportunity, driven by AI, last seen with deployment of mobile networks in the early 2000s.

Explore the State of Global Software

Select software category:

Software Health

Software Health captures how applications comply with programming best practices. It is the average of the following metrics.

 

66

 

63

 

64

 

60

 

62

 

64

 

65

 

65

 

61

 

63

 

59

 

67

 

60

 

63

 

64

 

64

 

64

 

63

 

63

 

66

Resiliency

Index derived from analysis of code patterns and programming practices that can compromise reliability in the short term. The higher the Resiliency, the lower likelihood of defects in production.

 

72

 

73

 

74

 

66

 

72

 

73

 

75

 

76

 

70

 

76

 

71

 

73

 

70

 

71

 

75

 

70

 

70

 

71

 

71

 

74

Agility

Index derived from analysis of embedded documentation and code readability best practices. The higher the agility, the easier the code is to maintain.

 

63

 

62

 

63

 

59

 

64

 

63

 

63

 

63

 

60

 

61

 

59

 

66

 

62

 

62

 

63

 

63

 

63

 

62

 

62

 

65

Elegance

Index derived from analysis of unnecessary degree of complexity. The lower the score, the greater number of defects which may become costly to fix in the mid-term.

 

61

 

55

 

54

 

55

 

49

 

55

 

58

 

57

 

53

 

52

 

47

 

61

 

49

 

55

 

53

 

57

 

58

 

57

 

58

 

60

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